1. Yes it is considered Blonde
2. Hard to tell from pics, maybe a patch job from some damage. No it's not original.
3. Not that I have seen but it's really easy. Just use a punch pin and hammer out the pin on each man and the handle. Remove the rod from the table ( you can clean the bearings while you are at it), replace the rod, put the parts back on.
4. Silicone can look dark when applied so it may be that, or your bumpers may be deteriorating. It could also be that you didn't clean the bumpers/bearings/rods well enough and there is gunk still in them. I would suggest taking all the bearings apart, removing the bumpers and giving them all a thorough cleaning. Should solve the problem.
5. Non-tournament players will not notice the difference, but if you are serious about playing competitively, I would suggest replacing them.